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9月, 2025の投稿を表示しています

With the quality of new energy vehicle parts being inconsistent, how can one avoid falling into the trap of ‘hitting a landmine’?

   The quality of new energy vehicle components varies considerably, so how can one avoid falling into the trap of purchasing substandard parts? The explosive growth of the new energy vehicle market has made the components industry a battleground for capital and technology. Yet behind this rapid expansion, quality concerns are gradually surfacing.   The quality risks in new energy vehicle components fundamentally stem from industry standardisation lagging behind market expansion. Unlike traditional fuel vehicle parts, which benefit from decades of technical refinement, new energy components involve emerging fields such as battery management and high-voltage electrical systems. Certain standards remain either absent or ambiguous. Key metrics like charging port high-temperature resistance and thermal runaway protection levels for battery modules show significant discrepancies in testing standards across manufacturers.   To circumvent quality pitfalls, a dual-pronged appr...

Can repurposed batteries truly become the ‘second spring’ for the new energy industry?

   Can repurposing recycled batteries into energy storage components truly herald a renaissance for the new energy industry? Indeed, this approach holds significant potential to revitalise the sector. However, its development must overcome three key bottlenecks: technological challenges, safety concerns, and market limitations. Achieving large-scale implementation will require policy support and seamless coordination across the industrial chain.   From a resource value perspective, while retired power batteries no longer meet the high-performance demands of electric vehicles, their residual capacity remains sufficient for low-intensity energy storage applications. Domestic energy storage can balance electricity demand by storing photovoltaic power during daylight hours and discharging it at night. Scenarios such as telecommunications base stations and microgrids in remote areas require lower battery performance standards; repurposed batteries, after being reconfigured, ...

With recurring compatibility challenges in parts, how can the aftermarket maintenance of new energy vehicles overcome these obstacles?

   The recurring challenge of parts compatibility: how can the new energy vehicle after-sales maintenance sector overcome this impasse? In the realm of new energy vehicle after-sales maintenance, the issue of parts compatibility has become a critical bottleneck constraining industry development. From the adaptation of battery management systems to different battery types, to the matching of charging interfaces with diverse charging stations, and the coordinated operation of motor controllers with drive motors, compatibility issues permeate every stage of new energy vehicle maintenance.   The root cause of these compatibility challenges lies in inconsistent technical standards and a lack of coordination within the supply chain. Automakers operate independently in designing components, communication protocols, and interface standards, resulting in a fragmented market with incompatible parts.Multiple international standards for charging interfaces exist, while variations ...

Why is the battery recycling system for new energy vehicles still incomplete?

   Why is the battery recycling system for new energy vehicles still incomplete? The imperfect recycling system for new energy vehicle batteries is the result of multiple factors such as technological bottlenecks, market mechanisms, policy regulations, and industry chain coordination. Although the industry has initially formed a recycling network, there are still many breakpoints in actual operation, which restrict the efficiency of resource recycling and the achievement of sustainable development goals.   There are significant differences in material formulas and structural designs among batteries of different car manufacturers and models, leading to a lack of unified standards in the dismantling process. The key metal extraction technology is not yet fully mature, and some enterprises still rely on high energy consuming processes such as pyrometallurgy, which not only has limited recovery rates but also generates a large amount of greenhouse gases. The technological ...

Will uneven layout of charging stations restrict the popularization of new energy vehicles?

   Will uneven layout of charging stations restrict the popularization of new energy vehicles? Uneven layout of charging stations will significantly restrict the popularization of new energy vehicles, which is reflected in multiple aspects such as user travel convenience, regional development balance, and coordinated supporting industries. Moreover, the interweaving of various links forms systematic obstacles.   The distribution density of charging stations directly affects the threshold for the use of new energy vehicles. In areas with well-equipped charging facilities, car owners can easily refuel like a gasoline car, and even use fragmented time such as shopping and office to charge, eliminating “range anxiety”.   At the market promotion level, uneven layout of charging stations will weaken consumers’ confidence in new energy vehicles. When users observe that the number of charging stations in the target area is insufficient or the coverage area is limited, they wi...

Can hydrogen fuel cell vehicles break the monopoly of lithium batteries?

   Can hydrogen fuel cell vehicles break the monopoly of lithium batteries? Although hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have significant advantages such as zero emissions, convenient refueling, and long range, they still face multiple challenges in breaking the monopoly of lithium batteries.   The core advantage of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles lies in their technological characteristics. By directly generating electricity through the electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, only water vapor is emitted during the process, truly achieving zero pollution; The refueling time is similar to that of traditional fuel vehicles and much faster than the charging time of lithium batteries.   The energy density far exceeds the existing lithium battery system, making it easy to support long battery life requirements. These characteristics make it uniquely competitive in commercial vehicle fields such as heavy trucks and long-distance logistics, especially in closed scenarios wh...

Frequent lag in new energy vehicle infotainment systems? Can component upgrades deliver smoother interaction?

   Frequent lagging in new energy vehicle infotainment systems? Can component upgrades deliver smoother interaction? As the “nerve centre” of the driving experience, the responsiveness of new energy vehicle infotainment systems directly impacts user satisfaction and road safety.   Numerous owners report that over time, infotainment systems increasingly suffer from lag, delays, or even complete crashes – particularly during navigation, voice interaction, or multitasking. This pain point stems from both hardware performance limitations and inadequate software optimisation. Targeted hardware upgrades may significantly improve interaction fluidity.   The core contradiction behind infotainment system lag often stems from an imbalance between hardware processing power and software demands. Early smart infotainment systems predominantly utilised mid-to-low-end chips, whose processing capabilities struggled to support high-resolution displays, complex 3D map rendering, and the...

Is your new energy vehicle battery degrading rapidly? Can these maintenance tips extend its lifespan?

   Is battery degradation rapid in new energy vehicles? Can these maintenance techniques extend lifespan? Battery degradation in new energy vehicles is a key concern for many owners, influenced by multiple factors including battery material properties, operating environments, and user habits.   During charging and discharging cycles, core materials like lithium and cobalt in lithium batteries gradually oxidise and precipitate, while repeated expansion and contraction cause micro-cracks in electrode structures. In high temperatures, electrolyte decomposition accelerates, intensifying active material depletion. Conversely, low temperatures increase electrolyte viscosity, impeding ion conduction and significantly reducing usable battery capacity.   Scientific maintenance techniques can effectively mitigate these degradation mechanisms. Charging habits are crucial: maintain the battery within a reasonable charge range during daily use, avoiding both complete depletion and ...

Frustrated by charging station queues? Could home charging equipment resolve the charging dilemma?

   Perpetual queues at charging points? Could home charging equipment resolve the charging dilemma? The difficulties of queuing at public charging points and the unreliability of the charging experience are emerging as key pain points hindering the widespread adoption of new energy vehicles. During holidays, serpentine queues form at charging points in motorway service areas, while in urban commercial districts, petrol vehicles occupy charging bays and equipment malfunctions frequently occur. These scenarios reflect the imbalance between supply and demand in the public charging network during peak periods.   The proliferation of home charging equipment offers a fundamental solution to this challenge. By shifting the charging scenario from ‘competition for public resources’ to ‘private household supply’, users can break free from reliance on public charging points and achieve charging autonomy.   Queuing at public charging points fundamentally stems from resource compet...

What developments and new products does Huawei offer in intelligent vehicles?

   What developments and new products has Huawei introduced in the intelligent vehicle sector? Huawei’s strategic positioning in this field centres on building a technological ecosystem, driving deep innovation across four key domains: intelligent driving, intelligent electrification, and intelligent connectivity. This approach forms a comprehensive solution spanning the entire chain from perception to decision-making, execution, and interaction.   Huawei has launched its next-generation Qiankun Intelligent Driving System. Its innovative ‘World Engine + World Behaviour Model Architecture’ overcomes the data bottlenecks inherent in traditional systems. This architecture generates complex scenario data through cloud-based simulation, combined with multi-modal perception models at the vehicle end, enabling autonomous learning and scenario adaptation capabilities. Simultaneously, cloud-based AI continuously optimises decision-making logic, enhancing safety and traffic effic...

Can Huawei’s intelligent driving chip become the ‘most powerful brain’ for new energy vehicles?

   Can Huawei’s intelligent driving chip become the “most powerful brain” for new energy vehicles? Huawei’s intelligent driving chip has demonstrated the potential to become the “most powerful brain” for new energy vehicles, with its technical architecture, ecosystem synergy, and practical application performance all at the forefront of the industry. It has formed differentiated advantages, particularly in its full-stack self-developed capabilities and adaptability to complex scenarios.   From a technological foundation perspective, Huawei’s Ascend series chips employ a heterogeneous computing architecture, integrating multi-core units including CPUs and GPUs. This enables parallel processing of multi-modal sensor data from sources such as lidar and cameras. It achieves real-time fusion of sensor data while significantly reducing data transmission latency through end-to-end optimisation, ensuring instantaneous system responses to complex road conditions.   Through chi...

How will Huawei’s electric drive system reshape the powertrain performance landscape for new energy vehicles?

   How will Huawei’s electric drive system reshape the performance landscape of new energy vehicles? Through deep technological integration and innovative architectural design, Huawei’s system is redefining the core competitive dimensions of powertrain performance in new energy vehicles. Its impact extends beyond mere parameter breakthroughs to fundamentally reshape the underlying logic of powertrain systems.   Huawei’s pioneering ‘asynchronous-synchronous hybrid’ high-voltage four-wheel-drive solution breaks the mould of homogeneous competition in traditional electric drive systems. By leveraging the inherent advantages of asynchronous motors at high speeds and complementing them with the low-speed, high-torque characteristics of synchronous motors, it achieves seamless power delivery across the entire speed range. During high-speed cruising, the asynchronous motor reduces energy consumption while avoiding the power distribution imbalances that cause energy loss in co...

Chips to Algorithms: How Does Huawei’s Intelligent Thermal Management System Alleviate Range Anxiety in Electric Vehicles?

    From chips to algorithms: How does Huawei’s intelligent thermal management system address electric vehicle range anxiety? Through end-to-end innovation spanning chip packaging to intelligent algorithms, Huawei has established a comprehensive thermal management system covering both micro-level heat dissipation and macro-level energy efficiency, delivering a systematic solution to resolve range concerns in electric vehicles.   Huawei employs flip-chip packaging technology, significantly enhancing thermal conductivity efficiency. Traditional packaging methods cause heat accumulation that compromises performance. Huawei’s innovative design shortens thermal pathways and optimises heat dissipation material layout, enabling faster transfer of operational heat to the cooling system and lowering core component temperature thresholds.   Huawei has developed intelligent temperature control algorithms that dynamically adjust thermal management strategies by continuously monitori...

Worry-free driving in the rainy season? Unveiling the all-weather perception capabilities of Huawei’s automotive LiDAR components!

   Rainy Season Driving Without Worry? Unveiling the All-Weather Perception Capabilities of Huawei’s Automotive Lidar Accessories! During rainy season driving, challenges such as drastically reduced visibility and fluctuating target reflectivity are met by Huawei’s automotive lidar accessories through multi-dimensional technological breakthroughs, providing critical support for safe driving in wet conditions.   Huawei’s LiDAR employs a high-dynamic-range receiving array and adaptive signal enhancement algorithms to penetrate rain curtains and accurately capture target features. By dynamically adjusting gain thresholds, it identifies low-reflectivity objects—such as traffic signs on flooded roads or licence plates with diminished reflectivity—even in heavy rainfall.   Combined with intelligent noise suppression technology, the system automatically filters scattered signals generated by raindrops, ensuring point cloud data purity. In torrential rain scenarios where tradi...

What role does the Huawei Drive ONE electric drive system play?

   What role does the Huawei Drive ONE electric drive system play? By deeply integrating power electronics, digitalisation and mechanical engineering technologies, the Huawei Drive ONE electric drive system establishes a comprehensive solution for new energy vehicles, covering power delivery, energy efficiency optimisation and driving safety.   Regarding power delivery, Drive ONE transcends the limitations of single performance metrics by adopting full-scenario power adaptation. Its motor controller employs a dynamic control algorithm for all operating conditions, enabling real-time perception of driving intent and road conditions to automatically adjust torque output characteristics.   During high-speed cruising, the system prioritises energy efficiency by reducing high-frequency power consumption. Conversely, in scenarios requiring rapid acceleration or overtaking, instantaneous power boosts ensure seamless power delivery. This enables vehicles to meet the smoothness...

How does Huawei’s HarmonyOS cockpit for new energy vehicles measure up?

   How does Huawei’s HarmonyOS cockpit for new energy vehicles measure up? Centred on deep hardware-software integration, full-scenario connectivity and immersive interaction, Huawei’s HarmonyOS cockpit for new energy vehicles redefines the benchmark for intelligent cockpits.   The HarmonyOS cockpit’s interaction design breaks through the hierarchical limitations of traditional infotainment systems, employing a zero-level desktop with smart card-based services. Frequently used functions are accessible in a single step, significantly reducing the learning curve. Multi-screen linkage and split-screen display technology enable seamless content flow between the central control screen, front passenger entertainment screen, and even rear-seat displays. While the driver navigates, the front passenger can independently play videos without mutual interference.   The integrated intelligent voice assistant, Xiaoyi, supports continuous dialogue, multi-zone voice recognition, and a...

Can Huawei’s new energy vehicle charging technology alleviate users’ range anxiety?

   Can Huawei’s new energy vehicle charging technology alleviate users’ range anxiety? Through groundbreaking innovations and systematic deployment, Huawei’s charging technology significantly eases range concerns, collectively building consumer confidence in electric mobility.   Huawei’s fully liquid-cooled ultra-fast charging technology achieves speeds approaching one kilometre per second of charging. Users require only brief stops to gain hundreds of kilometres of range, delivering a charging experience akin to refuelling a petrol vehicle. This efficiency stems from the synergistic optimisation of high-power charging modules and liquid-cooled thermal management systems, ensuring stable output even during prolonged high-load operation.   For daily commuting, brief top-ups suffice for daily needs. On long journeys, ultra-fast charging stations at motorway service areas make ‘charging like refuelling’ a reality, drastically reducing the time cost of cross-city travel. H...

Does Huawei’s pricing strategy for new energy vehicles strike a balance between technological superiority and market accessibility?

   Does Huawei’s pricing strategy for new energy vehicles strike a balance between technological superiority and market accessibility? Huawei’s pricing strategy for new energy vehicles achieves a deft equilibrium between technological edge and market affordability, ultimately fostering a market perception of ‘high-end technology made accessible to all’.   Huawei’s pricing logic consistently centres on technological value. Its core strength lies in translating R&D achievements in intelligent driving, smart cockpits, and three-electric systems into tangible user experiences. The advanced ADS 4.0 intelligent driving system integrates 192-line laser radar with 4D millimetre-wave radar for fusion perception, enabling features such as highway NOA and full-scenario parking.   The HarmonyOS intelligent cockpit builds differentiated competitiveness through fluid interaction, multi-device collaboration, and continuously evolving ecosystem services. These technological invest...

Huawei New Energy Vehicles: Can Range Anxiety Truly Be Eliminated?

   Huawei New Energy Vehicles: Can Charging Anxiety Truly Be Eliminated? Huawei New Energy Vehicles is challenging conventional energy replenishment models through a profound transformation of the charging experience. By integrating technology and fostering ecosystem synergy, Huawei seeks to prescribe a novel solution for the persistent industry-wide issue of charging anxiety.   At its core, charging anxiety stems from users’ dual concerns over time expenditure and travel freedom. The convenience of traditional petrol vehicles – ‘fill up and go’ – starkly contrasts with the passivity of electric vehicles requiring ‘charging wait times’. This approach transforms the charging process from a ‘time drain’ into a ‘seamless transition between scenarios’.   When vehicles automatically recharge while owners shop at malls, or restore power during brief motorway service area stops, charging seamlessly integrates into daily routines, dissipating waiting anxiety. The underlying lo...

How does Huawei Intelligent Driving transform ‘zero accidents’ from a slogan into reality?

   How does Huawei Intelligent Driving transform ‘zero accidents’ from a slogan into reality? Through a comprehensive revolution spanning perception to decision-making, Huawei Intelligent Driving is turning the vision of ‘zero accidents’ from aspiration into reality. This enables the system to possess predictive and responsive capabilities surpassing human drivers in complex scenarios.   Traditional driving safety relies on the driver’s immediate reactions, whereas Huawei Intelligent Driving builds a ‘holographic perception’ network through multi-sensor fusion. The combination of LiDAR, millimetre-wave radar, high-definition cameras, and ultrasonic sensors is akin to equipping the vehicle with ‘six senses’.   In adverse conditions like rain, fog, or backlighting, the penetrating power of LiDAR complements the semantic segmentation capabilities of cameras, enabling precise detection of road debris, sudden pedestrians, or non-motorised vehicles. Meanwhile, an in-cabin l...

Can Huawei’s ‘ambitious charging network vision’ achieve a late-stage breakthrough?

   Can Huawei’s “ambitious charging network plans” achieve a late surge? Huawei’s potential to overtake competitors in the charging network sector is not beyond reach. Its technological integration capabilities and ecosystem collaboration model are forging distinctive competitive advantages, positioning the company to overtake rivals during this period of industry transformation.   Huawei has redefined charging equipment standards through its fully liquid-cooled ultra-fast charging architecture. Liquid cooling technology enables dual thermal management for both the charging host and terminal, resolving overheating issues during high-power charging. This significantly extends equipment lifespan while substantially reducing operational costs. Its ‘power pooling’ design dynamically allocates power during simultaneous multi-vehicle charging, eliminating resource wastage caused by fixed power ratings in traditional charging points.   Ecosystem synergy represents another ke...

Huawei Intelligent Electric: Redefining the Value Standards of New Energy Vehicle Electric Drive Systems!

   Huawei Intelligent Electric: Electric Drive Systems for New Energy Vehicles! Leveraging profound technological expertise and continuous innovation, Huawei Intelligent Electric has become a benchmark force in the field of electric drive systems for new energy vehicles. By deeply integrating power electronics, ICT technology and intelligent capabilities, it has redefined the power performance, energy efficiency and safety standards of new energy vehicles.   Huawei Intelligent Electric achieves dual breakthroughs in space and efficiency through its ‘multi-in-one hyper-converged design’. Core components such as the motor, electronic control unit, and gearbox are highly integrated, significantly optimising volume and weight compared to traditional solutions and offering greater flexibility for vehicle design. The powertrain leverages its integrated structure and intelligent oil-cooling technology to deliver industry-leading efficiency in power generation scenarios, meeti...

Why are numerous luxury new energy brands turning to Huawei DriveONE?

   Why are numerous luxury new energy vehicle brands turning to Huawei DriveONE? In today’s burgeoning new energy vehicle industry, the performance of the powertrain system directly determines a vehicle’s driving experience, safety standards and energy efficiency.   Huawei DriveONE has become the core choice for many luxury new energy brands due to its systematic breakthroughs across three dimensions: technological innovation, safety architecture and user experience. This has redefined the value standards for premium electric drive systems.   Through highly integrated design, Huawei DriveONE consolidates core components like the motor and gearbox into a multi-in-one powertrain, significantly optimising volume and weight compared to traditional solutions. This provides greater design flexibility for vehicle models. The application of a full-stack high-voltage architecture and silicon carbide technology substantially enhances overall system efficiency, achieving a true b...

Huawei’s intelligent electric powertrain achieves the milestone of one million units shipped!

   Huawei’s Intelligent Electric DriveONE Powertrain Achieves One Million Shipments! Reaching this milestone not only demonstrates Huawei’s technological prowess and market recognition but also serves as a pivotal testament to the new energy vehicle industry’s advancement towards high-quality development.   Through its highly integrated design, Huawei DriveONE redefines the efficiency boundaries of electric drive systems. Its multi-in-one hyper-converged architecture deeply integrates core components such as the motor, electronic control unit, and gearbox, achieving significant optimisation in both volume and weight while offering greater flexibility for vehicle design.   Quality forms the bedrock of Huawei DriveONE’s market trust. Huawei has established a comprehensive quality management system spanning the entire product lifecycle. Achieving full-scenario coverage across functional safety, mechanical safety, and electrical safety domains ensures the powertrain’s rel...

How much room for brand premium exists for Huawei’s new energy vehicles?

   What is the scope for brand premium in Huawei’s new energy vehicle segment? The potential for brand premium stems from Huawei’s technological barriers, ecosystem synergies, and deep user loyalty. However, market acceptance remains influenced by both industry competition dynamics and consumer value assessments.   Huawei has established differentiated advantages through its self-developed chips, operating systems, and intelligent driving solutions. Its advanced driver-assistance system (ADS), featuring capabilities such as mapless navigation and end-to-end algorithms, leads the industry in decision-making precision and response speed under complex road conditions.   Huawei’s HarmonyOS cockpit transforms vehicles from mere transport tools into a ‘third living space’ through multi-device connectivity, voice interaction, and ecosystem application integration. This extension of contextual value further strengthens the foundation for brand premium. Huawei possesses an ext...

Will Huawei’s battery technology for new energy vehicles become an industry benchmark?

   Will Huawei’s battery technology for new energy vehicles become an industry benchmark? Huawei’s battery technology for new energy vehicles is highly likely to set the industry standard, owing to its comprehensive breakthroughs in material innovation, safety design and forward-looking strategic positioning, forming a complete closed-loop from fundamental R&D to practical application.   Huawei’s technological breakthroughs in solid-state batteries are particularly pivotal. By doping sulphide electrolytes with nitrogen, it has overcome two major challenges: lithium dendrite growth and interfacial side reactions, significantly extending battery cycle life. This addresses the inherent flammability and explosiveness risks of traditional liquid batteries, establishing new safety standards for the industry.   Huawei’s Battery Management System (BMS) synergises with its high-voltage platform to achieve granular control over the battery’s entire lifecycle. Intelligent al...

Could safety become Huawei’s most potent trump card in the new energy vehicle market?

   Could safety become Huawei's electric vehicles' greatest trump card? The safety credentials of Huawei's electric vehicles are highly likely to emerge as their most potent competitive advantage in the fiercely contested market. This stems from Huawei's comprehensive strategic positioning and substantial accumulated expertise across multiple dimensions, including technological R&D and safety validation.   In the realm of active safety, Huawei has developed formidable perception and decision-making capabilities through its proprietary intelligent driving system. This system integrates multiple sensor types, including lidar and millimetre-wave radar, to achieve comprehensive, high-precision environmental awareness. Even under adverse weather conditions such as rain, snow, or fog, or in complex lighting scenarios, the system accurately identifies road surfaces, obstacles, and pedestrian movements.   Regarding passive safety, Huawei pursues excellence in b...

Following modifications to the vehicle body components, can new energy vehicles pass their annual inspection smoothly?

   Following modifications to the vehicle body components, can new energy vehicles pass their annual inspection smoothly? Based on current regulations, if modifications to the vehicle body involve alterations to structure, dimensions, or safety parameters without lawful filing or approval, such vehicles are highly likely to encounter obstacles during the annual inspection.   Common issues with cargo bed modifications include exceeding dimensional limits, structural alterations, or compromised safety performance. For instance, installing hydraulic tailgates exceeding factory specifications or unauthorised changes to the cargo box height or width may affect the vehicle’s centre of gravity stability or clearance, increasing driving risks and resulting in failure during inspection.   Regulations explicitly stipulate that any modification altering a vehicle’s structure, performance, or appearance must not compromise safety; otherwise, it cannot be legally recognised. If the...

What to do if waterproof accessories in the truck bed age and leak?

   What should be done when waterproof components in the vehicle bed deteriorate and leak? Deterioration and leakage of waterproof components in the vehicle bed is an unavoidable issue for many vehicles after prolonged use. If not addressed promptly, it can corrode the cargo bed structure, damage stored goods, and potentially cause rust due to prolonged water accumulation, further shortening the vehicle’s service life.   Upon detecting leaks, thoroughly investigate the source. Ageing waterproof components often manifest as cracked sealing strips, detached adhesive layers at joints, or blocked drainage holes. Begin by cleaning the cargo bed, then simulate rainfall with a hose to observe water ingress paths. Focus inspections on the cargo bed edges, hinge connections, and tailgate seals.   For mildly deteriorated sealant strips, first remove surface grease and oxidation layers using a professional cleaner. Then apply weather-resistant sealant to repair the area, ensuring...

Can lightweight body components genuinely extend range?

   Can lightweight truck body components genuinely extend range? Lightweight truck body components significantly enhance the range of new energy vehicles, a conclusion stemming from the synergistic effects of material properties, structural design, and physical principles. Fundamentally, vehicles must continuously overcome inertial forces and rolling resistance during operation, with vehicle weight being the primary factor influencing both.   When lightweight materials replace traditional metals in body components, the overall vehicle weight is reduced. Consequently, the inertia that the motor must overcome during propulsion decreases, allowing energy expenditure to focus more on effective work rather than counteracting the vehicle’s own mass. Simultaneously, the contact pressure between tyres and the road surface is lowered, reducing rolling resistance and further minimising unnecessary energy loss.   The application of novel materials such as aluminium alloy, carbon ...